The matrix consists of	six categories of LTPR constraints... Resource conflict and displacement, Weak governance, Insecure tenure and property rights, Inequitable access to land and natural resources, Poorly performing land markets, and Unsustainable NRM and biodiversity loss.
...and seven categories of interventions: Institutions and governance, Legal and regulatory framework, Rights awareness and empowerment, Conflict and dispute resolution, Restitution, redistribution and consolidation, Rights delivery and administration, and Resource use management.

The matrix is not meant to be read sequentially from left to right, nor from top to bottom; rather, it serves as a menu of constraints and interventions that need to be considered within the realm of land tenure and property rights. Individual cells of the matrix represent critical intersections between constraints and interventions.  Within each heading of the LTPR constraints categories are sub-issues that include historical, cultural, political, economic, and social nuance. This nuance provides depth and complexity to the issues. For example, “Resource Conflict and Displacement” in itself is generic, but when the focus is an issue dealing with displaced persons or the restoration of rule of law in a conflict or post-conflict situation, this category takes on practical dimensions for LTPR policy and program development.

Organizing the Universe of Land Tenure and Property Rights Interventions

As land is a main factor for economic production in most countries where USAID operates, it is the main focus of the LTPR framework. For the most part, land tenure will refer to the ways in which individuals or groups acquire access to land, the rights they hold, and the ways they defend those rights. Most decisions made over land have a direct and often immediate impact on NRM and property rights.

The base matrix (figure above) is designed to visualize the categories of possible constraints and interventions associated with land tenure and property rights. The base matrix is populated to illustrate the possible range of LTPR interventions that could be employed in transitional development programming. The range of possible interventions is large but finite; not all possible interventions are noted here.  Both the range of possible interventions and the sequence in which they are applied can have either a singular effect on an issue, or a multiplying effect on a number of LTPR issues/sub-issues.

Selecting from among the range of possibilities and understanding the sequence in which constraints and interventions need to be addressed are critical to the practice of LTPR programming. Although there is no ideal sequencing of LTPR interventions, USAID is constantly learning lessons about how the sequencing of interventions can influence outputs and impacts associated with LTPR reforms. 

Cross-Cutting Interventions

LTPR reforms will languish or alienate significant portions of any population unless interventions are specifically dedicated to removing the legal impediments that discriminate against women and marginalized groups. Public information and capacity building are essential tools for creating and implementing policy, helping communities maintain and enforce customary rights, and ensuring that beneficiaries know and understand their rights and act on them responsibly.